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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It asks questions like What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the notion that you should always stick to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users find meaning from and each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely according to the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness and  [http://bbs.01bim.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1354502 프라그마틱 체험] conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways in which an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and  [http://bridgehome.cn/copydog/home.php?mod=space&uid=1724106 프라그마틱 플레이] pragmatics is a well-known and established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For example philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the ways the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logic implications of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech,  [https://xypid.win/story.php?title=5-pragmatic-slots-site-projects-for-any-budget 프라그마틱 홈페이지] 정품확인 ([http://ckxken.synology.me/discuz/home.php?mod=space&uid=245356 This Web site]) the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, including computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. There is a broad range of research in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others argue that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a wide variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to cultural and  [https://www.google.pl/url?q=http://brewwiki.win/wiki/Post:7_Small_Changes_You_Can_Make_Thatll_Make_A_Huge_Difference_In_Your_Pragmatic_Sugar_Rush 프라그마틱 추천] social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for  [https://www.longisland.com/profile/bottlestamp64 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] 카지노, [https://yogicentral.science/wiki/5_MustKnow_Pragmatic_Return_RatePractices_You_Need_To_Know_For_2024 yogicentral.science], pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the quantity of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage, rather than on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine which words are meant to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear how they should be drawn. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued, for example,  [https://www.google.co.ck/url?q=https://cramer-mcpherson.mdwrite.net/the-most-innovative-things-that-are-happening-with-pragmatic-genuine 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered as a discipline of its own since it studies how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are the issues addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and  [https://perfectworld.wiki/wiki/Are_You_Sick_Of_How_To_Check_The_Authenticity_Of_Pragmatic_10_Inspirational_Ideas_To_Rekindle_Your_Love 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, [http://emseyi.com/user/cowera92 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Version vom 28. Dezember 2024, 12:17 Uhr

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning actually is.

As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.

The study of pragmatics has covered a wide variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to cultural and 프라그마틱 추천 social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 카지노, yogicentral.science, pragmatics differs depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top producers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the quantity of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage, rather than on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine which words are meant to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear how they should be drawn. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of language or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued, for example, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This kind of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered as a discipline of its own since it studies how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are the issues addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are various perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax, or philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same.

It is not unusual for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This method is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.