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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable action. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language communicate and interact with each with one another. It is usually thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey, not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research it is still young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely by the number of their publications. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is a lot of controversy about the precise boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without necessarily using any data regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this research ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, [https://bookmark-search.com/story18222878/7-small-changes-that-will-make-the-biggest-difference-in-your-pragmatic-korea 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in the field. Some of the main areas of research include formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It examines how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research that addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language,  [https://infopagex.com/story3563645/15-of-the-best-pinterest-boards-all-time-about-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and [https://nowbookmarks.com/story18333570/a-step-by-step-guide-for-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 무료] pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which an expression can be understood, and [https://kingbookmark.com/story18378532/the-pragmatic-recommendations-mistake-that-every-beginning-pragmatic-recommendations-user-makes 프라그마틱 플레이] [https://cyberbookmarking.com/story18241421/15-reasons-you-shouldn-t-be-ignoring-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] 무료 ([https://pragmatickorea96307.wikimillions.com/3467827/5_reasons_pragmatic_can_be_a_beneficial_thing home-page]) that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate both approaches, attempting to capture the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users find meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension,  [https://thebookmarklist.com/story18027152/12-companies-that-are-leading-the-way-in-slot 무료 프라그마틱] 슬롯 하는법 ([https://socialistener.com/story3479985/20-myths-about-free-pragmatic-dispelled Socialistener.Com]) request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their position varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and  [https://optimusbookmarks.com/story18035302/20-questions-you-need-to-be-asking-about-pragmatic-product-authentication-before-you-decide-to-purchase-it 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been combined with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in this field. There are many different areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and [https://pragmatickrcom09752.bloggactivo.com/29351100/the-no-1-question-that-everyone-in-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-should-know-how-to-answer 프라그마틱 체험] 슬롯체험 [[https://socialmarkz.com/story8431919/buzzwords-de-buzzed-10-other-methods-of-saying-pragmatic-kr https://socialmarkz.com/story8431919/buzzwords-de-buzzed-10-other-methods-of-saying-pragmatic-kr]] experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular phenomena fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities for  [https://pragmatickrcom09752.bloggactivo.com/29351793/what-is-pragmatic-free-slots-history-of-pragmatic-free-slots-in-10-milestones 프라그마틱] a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.

Aktuelle Version vom 27. Dezember 2024, 03:45 Uhr

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users find meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.

The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, 무료 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 (Socialistener.Com) request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their position varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a part of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right since it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been combined with other disciplines, like cognitive science and philosophy.

There are also differing opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors like indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in this field. There are many different areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and 프라그마틱 체험 슬롯체험 [https://socialmarkz.com/story8431919/buzzwords-de-buzzed-10-other-methods-of-saying-pragmatic-kr] experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical elements, the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the identical.

The debate over these positions is often a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular phenomena fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities for 프라그마틱 a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.